Connecticut

Connecticut (/kəˈnɛtɪkət/ ( listen))[12] is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. As of the 2010 Census, it has the highest per-capita income, Human Development Index (0.962), and median household income in the United States.[13][14][15] Connecticut is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capital is Hartford and its most populous city is Bridgeport. It is part of New England, although portions of it are often grouped with New York and New Jersey as the Tri-state area. The state is named for the Connecticut River, a major US river that approximately bisects the state. The word "Connecticut" is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for "long tidal river".[16]

Connecticut is the third smallest state by area,[17] the 29th most populous,[18] and the fourth most densely populated[17] of the 50 United States. It is known as the "Constitution State", the "Nutmeg State", the "Provisions State", and the "Land of Steady Habits".[1] It was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States. Much of southern and western Connecticut is considered part of the New York metropolitan area, and three of Connecticut's eight counties are statistically included in the New York City combined statistical area. Connecticut's center of population is in Cheshire, New Haven County,[19] which is also located within the Tri-State area.

Connecticut's first European settlers were Dutch. They established a small, short-lived settlement called Fort Hoop in present-day Hartford at the confluence of the Park and Connecticut Rivers. Half of Connecticut was initially part of the Dutch colony New Netherland, which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers. The first major settlements were established in the 1630s by the English. Thomas Hooker led a band of followers overland from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded what became the Connecticut Colony; other settlers from Massachusetts founded the Saybrook Colony and the New Haven Colony. The Connecticut and New Haven colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders, considered the first constitutions in North America. In 1662, the three colonies were merged under a royal charter, making Connecticut a crown colony. This was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution.